View source for Support for bond orders

Jmol supports bond orders (i.e., different from single bonds) and displays them as parallel, solid or dashed, cylinders.

Visualization of non-single bonds can be supressed (all will show as single) if 
<code>[http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/docs/#setbondstyles set showMultipleBonds off]</code> is issued at the console or from a script.

== Definition of bond order ==

File formats that specify bond order --and Jmol recognizes as such:
* [[File_formats/Coordinates#MOL_and_SD_.28Symyx_MDL.29|MOL]] specifies bond order natively, using certain numeric codes (see table below)
* [[File_formats/Coordinates#MOL2_.28Sybyl.2C_Tripos.29|MOL2]] specifies bond order natively, using certain alphanumeric codes (see table below)
* [[File_formats/Coordinates#PDB|PDB]] can do double bonds using a trick: specify '''twice''' each [http://www.wwpdb.org/documentation/format23/sect10.html CONECT record], or put the second atom twice in the same record.
* CML specifies bond order natively, using XML tags; Jmol implements single, double, triple, aromatic and 'partial12'.

Jmol commands that assign bond order:
* <code>[http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/docs/#connect connect]</code> accepts a parameter specifying bond type (see table below)
* <code>[http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/docs/#bond bondOrder]</code> (new in Jmol 11.3.x) accepts a parameter specifying bond type (see table below)


{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-align="center"
! bond order !! Jmol syntax in <code>connect</code> and <code>bondOrder</code> !! Jmol syntax in <code>bondOrder</code> !! bond code in MOL file !! bond code in MOL2 file !! bond code in CML file <sup>e</sup>
|-align="center"
|  || hBond <sup>a</sup> || -1 || n/a || n/a || hbond
|-align="center"
| 0.5 || partial <sup>a</sup> || 0.5 || 8 <sup>d</sup> || n/a || partial01 <sup>f</sup>
|-align="center"
| 1 || single || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 or S
|-align="center"
| 1.5 || partialDouble <sup>b</sup> || -1.5 || 5 || n/a || partial12 <sup>f</sup>
|-align="center"
| 1.5 || aromatic <sup>b</sup> || 1.5 || 4 || ar || A
|-align="center"
| 2 || double || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 or D
|-align="center"
| 2.5 || partialTriple ? <sup>c</sup> || 2.5 or -2.5 <sup>b,c</sup> || n/a || n/a || partial23 <sup>f</sup>
|-align="center"
| 3 || triple || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 or T
|-align="center"
| 4 || quadruple || 4 || n/a || n/a || n/a
|}

Notes: 

(a) "hBond" and "partial" are both dashed, but they have different patterns, and newly created hydrogen bonds are only thin lines (wireframe style).

(b) "partialDouble" and "aromatic" are identical except for which side of the bond is represented by a dashed line. Same applies to "2.5" and "-2.5".

(c) starting Jmol 11.3.28

(d) type 8 is defined as "any" in MOL format; most versions of Jmol will render that as partial.

(e) as documented at http://eugen.leitl.org/nesc/jumbo4.3/schemas/cmlAll/htmldocs/orderType.html

(f) not fully implemented; starting Jmol 11.7.32 only partial12 is implemented

== Display style ==
By default, Jmol displays double bonds as twin sticks (cylinders) contained in the viewer's plane, i.e. always visible as double sticks.

You may opt for double sticks that are in the plane of the atoms involved (particularly significant for bonds in rings), using a positive 'N' value in <code>set multipleBondSpacing N</code>

The default thickness and spacing of the sticks may be changed using <code>set multipleBondRadiusFactor N</code> and <code>set multipleBondSpacing N</code>

There is also an alternative style using curved sticks, available with <code>set multipleBondBananas on</code>

[{{ScriptingDoc}}#k875 Detailed documentation] for all these.

Rotate the model with your mouse in order to appreciate the differences:

<table style="width:100%;">
<tr>
<td>default<br> (set multipleBondSpacing -1)
</td>
<td>set multipleBondSpacing -0.3
</td>
<td>set multipleBondSpacing 0.4
</td>
<td>set multipleBondSpacing 0.3;<br>set multipleBondRadiusFactor -1
</td>
<td>set multipleBondBananas on
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<jmol>
  <jmolApplet>
    <size>240</size>
    <urlContents>https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/caffeine/sdf</urlContents>
    <script>initialize;</script>
  </jmolApplet>
</jmol>
</td>
<td>
<jmol>
  <jmolApplet>
    <size>240</size>
    <urlContents>https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/caffeine/sdf</urlContents>
    <script>initialize;set multipleBondSpacing -0.5;</script>
  </jmolApplet>
</jmol>
</td>
<td>
<jmol>
  <jmolApplet>
    <size>240</size>
    <urlContents>https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/caffeine/sdf</urlContents>
    <script>initialize;set multipleBondSpacing 0.4;</script>
  </jmolApplet>
</jmol>
</td>
<td>
<jmol>
  <jmolApplet>
    <size>240</size>
    <urlContents>https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/caffeine/sdf</urlContents>
    <script>initialize;set multipleBondSpacing 0.3; set multipleBondRadiusFactor -1;</script>
  </jmolApplet>
</jmol>
</td>
<td>
<jmol>
  <jmolApplet>
    <size>240</size>
    <urlContents>https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/caffeine/sdf</urlContents>
    <script>initialize;set multipleBondBananas on;</script>
  </jmolApplet>
</jmol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Always seen as double sticks,<br> facing the viewer.
</td>
<td>Double sticks closer,<br> still facing the viewer. 
</td>
<td>Double sticks in the plane of the ring. 
</td>
<td>Double sticks perpendicular<br> to the plane of the ring. 
</td>
<td>Double sticks curved, perpendicular<br> to the plane of the ring. 
</td>
</tr>
</table>